The organizational objectives - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 905 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? The related between the types of control and return on investment. Will be realized most of the organizational objectives in what can be expected if the supervision was not in place. That is why there must be effective implementation of strict control requires that management has a reasonable amount of details and how they relate to one or more of the objectives of the monitoring of results, procedures or personal cultures / to the overall objectives of the organization. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The organizational objectives" essay for you Create order Control action, which take different forms: behavioral constraints, review of early warning, and responsibility, and repetition. Controls the type of work and more direct control of the Department to ensure that the correct behavior of the people and must rely on the organization with an immediate focus on their business. He also described the personal and cultural controls, which encourage managers to implement one or both of the positive forces which are typically found in organizations: self-and mutual monitoring. Can be encouraged by these forces in different ways, including effective recruitment, placement, training, job design and provide the necessary resources, codes of conduct, and awards groups, and transfer within the organization, and how physical, social and tone at the top. Has become a personal and cultural controls, which are sometimes referred to as soft controls, more important in recent years. Organizations have become flatter and smaller. Managers and the wi der spans of control and hierarchy of the process and control systems (bureaucracy) has been dismantled and the replacement of staff authority. In this environment, and shared organizational values became an important tool to ensure that any person acting in the interest of the organization. The impact of all these different types of organization mission control in the relationship between the return on investment (ROI) and all these types of controls can be demonstrated as follows: Result control :- And normally used as a result of controls to control the behavior of staff in many organizational levels. The relationship between monitoring of results and return on investment) is that there are many tools of the outcome monitoring, and investment) is a tool that all these tools, even when the return on investment tool good results control approach and I think that controlling behavior is another consequence of effective control over what control focus the behavior of the staff, but the return on investment focus only on the number or value of the revenues and costs, as well as in the fixed assets and working capital, even if there are employees who must be paid for wages and salaries and that kind of spending, but the thing to focus on the value of these employees, and another something the client or the credit is part of the fixed assets in the system (ROI) is not to focus on customer behavior, but the focus on the value of these clients Action control :- Control measures are the most direct type of management control, to ensure the proper functioning of the people must rely on the organization by focusing directly on their work. The relationship between work and monitor the return on investment) and this approach is to control the focus on controlling the actions that occur in organizations, but when this approach has the efficiency and effectiveness of the return on investment can be high, and I think that the work of control refers to the benefits, but also attention to the value of the investment returns of different things or different procedures in organizations. Personal control : Supervision of staff at the personal direction and control of natural or self-stimulation. The relationship between personal control of the return on investment (ROI), I noted at the beginning of personal control and focus on individuals in the organization, employees and customers, but I think that focusing only on the investment returns the quantity or value of these resources is not to satisfy some of the reviews or salary of employees but I believe that this Technical need a lot of people to implement this technology. Cultural control :- The aim of cultural controls to encourage mutual monitoring by a strong set of pressure on individuals who deviate from the Community rules and values. The relationship between culture and the internal return on investment in the case of a culture of support for the implementation (ROI), or when I want to implement any new techniques you must know the culture of the organization. At the end of the mission there relations between the types of control and return on investment Conclusion: All the control types can be used to provide tight control. We can define tight control as in terms of a high degree of assurance that employees will behave as the organization wishes. Mangers should have good knowledge about how the control objectives (action, results, personal, culture) can implement effectively the chosen form of control. Mangers have the authority to change the type of control and replace with another type that provides a better fit with situation for the purpose of tighter. Mangers can use multiple forms of control in the same time to tighten their MCS. Return on investment as a strategic tool. And very important for all types of control. Also we cant measure ROI without measure the profit the question here by what we measure it we should know the cost with cost absolutely we need control all types of control. PREPAR BY :MAHFOUDH HUSSEIN HUSSEIN MGAMMAL (803914)

The Cost of University Drowning Students in Debt Essay

Essays on The Cost of University Drowning Students in Debt Essay The paper "The Cost of University Drowning Students in Debt" is an outstanding example of an essay on education. The cost of higher education has been in the spotlight for a number of years. The United Kingdom education segment has been in the spotlight mainly for the reason that it has become so expensive. Many people especially students are now asking whether it is now valued at the amounts of money they spend to achieve an education. While there is a saying that education is the key to life, the cost of education has significantly increased in recent years (Petersen, 2014). Most students are suffering in schools because of the high costs of education involved. High education cost is a serious problem that should get looked into as soon as possible by the government and other concerned parties.The cost of education has been pinpointed as one of the grounds behind most students drowning in debt today. The high costs have forced most students to borrow more so as to fund their educat ion and in the process drowning in their debts. The cost of education has escalated largely owing to quite a lot of factors. The high cost of living is the chief contributor, and it is evident all over the world. Most schools have to spend more to provide services to their students as a result of the cost of living. The cost, of hiring tutors has also gone up, all higher learning institutions strive to attract the best teachers, and this comes at a cost (Forbes, 2014). Ultimately, all these outlay get transferred to the students and thus increasing the cost of schooling. Students, for this reason, have to look for other sources to meet these costs as well as ensure they live a better life while in school.The Guardian newspaper reported that as of March 2014, most of the students that had gotten loans to finance their education had not paid them back. The commentary recommended that write-off expenses for the above  £10bn in student finances completed annually had gotten to 45%. It implies a reduction in the savings that might get utilized in the time to come. Analysts suggest it has reached a point where the government is losing more money while providing students with education loans, and it might not be sustainable in the future (Mason Malik, 2014). The cause of this problem is the high tuition costs that have pushed students to borrow more than they can payback.The National Center for Education Studies (NCES) suggests that over 40% of students taking bachelor's degrees courses at most universities in the UK do not complete their studies during the standard time which is supposed to be four years. The leading reason for this fact is the high cost of schooling. The NCES also suggests that most of these students live above their means and, for this reason, are driven to take loans from banks that most of them do not pay back in the end. There is a need to address the situation before it gets worse and safeguard the higher education sector for the future.The government has already started some projects aimed at helping students avoid financial ruin while in school. The government has continually encouraged banks to create more benefits for students to enable them to open bank accounts with them. Students are now able to acquire loans from banks and many other financial institutions to help them service their educations, and these loans are given at cheaper costs. Most students are continually getting grants from schools to help them with their studies (Griffin, 2014). Public service loan forgiveness programs are also common within the country to help students who have borrowed and are unable to pay back their loans on time. Parents are also encouraged to make plans early for their children to ensure they do not go through a rough time during their higher education.

Naturalistic play Essay Example For Students

Naturalistic play Essay John Boyton Priestley was born in a Yorkshire town called Bradford. He was born in 1894; sadly that was the same year his mother died. When Priestley turned four years of age, his father, who was a teacher, married again. This brought more stability to his life.  John Boyton Priestley got his first job when he was sixteen years old as a junior clerk in a wool company. He used this job to gain experience and became a stepping-stone for his future success. Priestleys father had a network of friends who were socialites. These people inspired Priestly and he based his literary work on their attitudes to society. Their attitudes were that they wanted fair systems; they believed people should be treated equally. These plays are called morality plays. The morality play was a medieval style of drama, which tried to teach the audience a moral lesson. For example, through An Inspector Calls Priestly wanted to ask the audience, how responsible we are as individuals to society. Some play writers used allegory to get this moral question across.  An allegory is when something other than a person would represent an idea. For example, in Animal Farm the writer used animals rather than actual people to get the idea of equal rights across. An Inspector Calls is a naturalistic play. Naturalism is when the writer tries to mimics reality closely. He/She focuses on making the play as realistic as possible. By adding close detail to props and the storyline of the play itself. Priestly describes the furniture with great detail at the beginning; he specifies good solid furniture of the period and that the men are in tails and white ties, not dinner jackets. Priestly is showing great detail to the furniture and the outfits. Since the play was set 30 years before it was written Priestly, to make the play more realistic, referred to the fashion of that particular period. This makes the play more enjoyable for the audience and also makes them believe what they are seeing is real. Another example of Naturalism is, that Naturalism was concerned with moving beyond superficial storylines and grapple with social problems. So basically what Priestly has done to make this play a naturalistic play is that he has writ the play about social issues, which could occur in reality. Its as if hes actually writ about something that has really happened in the past even though the play is fictional. A good example of the opposite of what Priestly has done would be Lord Of The Rings, where the play involves giants, wizards and dwarfs. The play is also set on an unrealistic atmosphere where the scenery is very different to Earth. We all know that there is an incredibly small chance of something similar of this happening in reality. This makes Lord Of The Rings not a Naturalistic play. An Inspector Calls is about a wealthy family around the early 1900s, who are all each partly responsible for the death of Eva Smith/Daisy Renton. The play focuss on each of characters reactions when an inspector who actually turned out to be a fake questioned them. Did any of the characters feel guilty or sorry for her death? Did they feel they were nothing to do with it? Priestly wanted the audience to leave asking themselves are we all like this? How responsible are we to others? Priestly via An Inspector Calls was very successful at answering this question.Author Birling is successful businesses man who has been active in local politics. I speak as a hard-headed business man Birling states that he is the kind of person that is very strong minded. Once hes made his mind up nobody is going to change it. We see this attitude when he is being questioned.   Theres a very good chance of a knighthood Mr Birling sees a possible knighthood as a fair reward for his involvement in local politics. This will mean a lot more to Birling because a knighthood would equal him to Sir George Croft. Priestley is showing the audience how superficial the honours system can be. .u05eef4ff07fa66ea98fbdf500aa40f52 , .u05eef4ff07fa66ea98fbdf500aa40f52 .postImageUrl , .u05eef4ff07fa66ea98fbdf500aa40f52 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u05eef4ff07fa66ea98fbdf500aa40f52 , .u05eef4ff07fa66ea98fbdf500aa40f52:hover , .u05eef4ff07fa66ea98fbdf500aa40f52:visited , .u05eef4ff07fa66ea98fbdf500aa40f52:active { border:0!important; } .u05eef4ff07fa66ea98fbdf500aa40f52 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u05eef4ff07fa66ea98fbdf500aa40f52 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u05eef4ff07fa66ea98fbdf500aa40f52:active , .u05eef4ff07fa66ea98fbdf500aa40f52:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u05eef4ff07fa66ea98fbdf500aa40f52 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u05eef4ff07fa66ea98fbdf500aa40f52 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u05eef4ff07fa66ea98fbdf500aa40f52 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u05eef4ff07fa66ea98fbdf500aa40f52 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u05eef4ff07fa66ea98fbdf500aa40f52:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u05eef4ff07fa66ea98fbdf500aa40f52 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u05eef4ff07fa66ea98fbdf500aa40f52 .u05eef4ff07fa66ea98fbdf500aa40f52-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u05eef4ff07fa66ea98fbdf500aa40f52:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Quiet World Poetry Analysis EssayHe is arrogant and outspoken about his self-centered philospohy of the world. The Germans dont want war, nobody wants war Mr Birling is making complacent predictions about history that are entirely wrong. His predictions, which are completely false, show a lack of understanding of the real world. He thinks everybody feels how he does about the situation.  Since the play was written in the 1930s the audience will know that Mr Birlings predictions are false because the war broke out just two years later. The audience are now already starting to understand what kind of person Birling is. His complacent predictions make his speeches ironi c.

Management Accounting Research free essay sample

It shows that researchers emphasize the importance of practice, but worry about the prospects of a successful cross-fertilization between practice and research, because of the pressure they feel to publish in international research journals. Their contacts with consultants are limited. Consultants have limited access to academic research, because of pressures from their daily work. Knowledge created by consultants is initiated by problems coming from practice; it has to be ready-made for application in practice, and is often a combination of explicit and tacit knowledge.However, our interviews with researchers show a more diffuse picture; the knowledge created by some of them is disciplinary-driven and fundamental, whereas the research of others is more overdriven and applied. Our study hints at two intermediary groups, I. E. Consultant-researchers and consultants working in the expertise entrees of their firms, both of which can potentially overcome hindrances in the communication between consultancy and research. C 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. We will write a custom essay sample on Management Accounting Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Keywords: Academics Consultants Public sector management accounting 1.Introduction The public sector has been criticized during the last two decades for being insufficiently effective and efficient. New management and accounting techniques have been developed as a response to this criticism. Because nearsightedness is, for instance, considered to be important for improving the functioning of public sector organizations (Walsh, 1995, up. 51-257; Guthrie et al. , 1999, p. 20; Polite and Backrest, 2000, chapter 4; Grotto and Budding, 2004), accurate information about the full costs of services * Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: g. . Van. [emailprotected] Nil (G. J. Van Helped), [emailprotected] Nil (H. Awarded), h. J. Term. [emailprotected] Nil (H. J. Term Bog), [emailprotected] Vi. Nil (T. L. C. M. Grotto). 1044-5005/$ see front matter @ 201 0 Published by Elsevier Ltd. DOI:1 0. 101 6/j. Mar. 2010. 02. 008 is needed and this requires new techniques for output measurement and full costing. This implies that management accounting ? together with Other spineless like financial reporting, auditing and management may be expected to contribute to a better functioning of the public sector.Management accounting is a practice-oriented discipline, dealing with methods that assist managers in planning and controlling their organization (Mali and Granular, 2009). What methods work, and what do not work, is a question with a high relevance to practice, because it relates to what is perceived as beneficial to and by the users of management accounting methods. This also holds for questions regarding conditions for the successful implementation of those methods. Developing new techniques or approaches in the field of management accounting, or the adaptation of existing ones, are knowledge creation activities.Organizations 84 G. J. Van Helped et al. / Management Accounting Research 21 (2010) 83-94 create knowledge on their own or as part of a network of similar organizations, but they can also use knowledge created by consultants or academic researchers. The types of knowledge consultants and academics create may diverge, because consultants rely largely on their past experiences in comparable situations and academics adhere to their theories and research methods. Moreover, the way consultants and academic researchers rate knowledge may also be influenced by the problems raised by practitioners.Despite their different backgrounds, consultants and academics can also influence each other in creating knowledge for practice; for instance when consultants use the outcomes of academic research, or when academics draw on insights produced by consultancy work. There are some studies on the role of either consultants or academics in knowledge creation on public sector management accounting. Christensen (2005, 2006), for example, documents the prominent influence of auditing firms on the adoption of accrual accounting in the State of New South Wales, Australia.In addition, Lapse and Oldie (2001 ) show that large multinational consultancy firms are promoters of universally applicable tool kits, whereas small locally operating consultancy firms are dedicated to delivering custom- made solutions for public sector practice. Knowledge creation for practice in public sector management accounting by academics is an even less researched issue. Notable is the literature review by van Helped and Northrop (2010) which identifies the practical orientation of the research objective(s) and the practice relevance of conclusions in papers published in international research journals.As far as we know, our study is the first that simultaneously examines the roles that consultants and academics play in public sector management accounting, and their interaction. L The problem We wish to d iscuss is if and in what respects knowledge creation in public sector management accounting by consultants and researchers is distinct and whether a lack of common understanding or communication between them could influence the relevance for practice of the knowledge created.In order to address this problem, we will analyses similarities and differences between consultants and researchers in the way practice influences their knowledge reaction activities, in the knowledge sources they use, and in the type of knowledge they create. Moreover, we examine the ways in which they influence each other in creating knowledge. In addition to providing preliminary findings on these issues, we also suggest directions for future research.This paper not only reports interviews with consultants and academic researchers, but also interviews with consultants working part-time as academics (because they are active in both worlds), and consultants working in expertise centers of their firms (because of their role in disseminating knowledge to their colleague-consultants). All respondents are active in public sector management accounting in the Netherlands. The paper is structured as follows. First, in the next section we briefly sketch the context in which consultants and academic researchers in public sector management accounting operate.The subsequent section then develops theoretical considerations and elaborates the research questions and research methods. Next, the findings of our study are presented. The final section reflects on these findings and suggests directions for future research. 2. Context In this paper, knowledge creation by consultants and academics takes place within he context of public sector reforms. Since the sass, financial accounting reforms in the Netherlands have concentrated on the adoption and further refinement of accrual accounting for local governments and central government agencies (Back, 2003).Management accounting reforms in budgeting, performance measurement and costing are receiving almost continuous attention from governmental organizations (Term Bog and van Helped, 2005; Term Bog, 2008). Often innovations are combined with decentralized forms of governance, such as agencies. The reforms and associated innovations in management and accounting methods are very animal to what is internationally known as New Public Management (Hood, 1995; Kickers, 2000, up. 5?37), which emphasizes the adoption of private sector management techniques and management styles by public sector organizations. Academic researchers who study Dutch management accounting innovations are working in a context of two partly opposing forces. On the one hand, international research publications in peer-reviewed journals have become much more important (Term Bog and Escapes, 2009; see also Mitchell, 2002; Genders, 2008), implying that academic researchers are increasingly driven by developments in academic thought and by the requirements posed by the academic community.

State vs. Non-State Essays

State vs. Non-State Essays State vs. Non-State Essay State vs. Non-State Essay State vs. Non-State When considering the use of violence and non-violence throughout history, or at least in the last 200 years, the term Manifest Destiny comes to mind. Although it is not in itself a violent or for that matter a non-violent action, the idea of Manifest Destiny gave Americans the attitude of Gods will for westward expansion which in turn lead to the violent relocation of the Native Americans, or First Peoples. Through laws, being the non-violent action of relocation, and war on the First Peoples being the violent means to an end. This is not the only idea throughout this time period, ountries throughout the world were all going through change and not all of the changes for the better and not all the changes were made by the state. In 1917, in Russia, the people were getting fed up with the Czars ungodly rule over them. This came to a head during the March Revolution; 90,000 textile workers went on strike during the middle of World War I protesting the shortage of fuel and bread, by the end of the week there was a totally 400,000 striking with signs of Down with the Tsar and Down with the War. The state or in this case the tsar banned protesting and ent in the army to shoot the protesters. This use of violence back fired when the army turned on their officers and Joined in on the protesting, demanding an end to the war. This Revolution led to the downfall of the Tsar, using both violent and non- violent means and involving both the state and non-state peoples. Another form of mass state actors is the formation of the League of Nations in an attempt to secure world peace or at least maintain some form of order throughout the world. This would eventually lead to more violence and then breakdown all together and turning nto the United Nations. The greatest person in History, or at the least the most well known, to do with non-violence would be Gandhi. His idea of satyagraha says in all in the sense of striving for truth and social Justice through love, suffering, and conversion of the oppressor. Gandhi used these ideas in his organization of a mass non-violent resistance campaign against the restriction of Asian immigration and internal freedom of movement in South Africa. Thousands of Indian men and women marched peacefully and all the while withstood beatings, arrest, and imprisonments. Although Gandhi is the leader of South Africa, one could almost call his peaceful campaign a campaign from the non-state actors as they were resisting a higher government, Gandhi was simply the face of the body. A solid idea of state actors using violence and non-violence to get their way would be Mussolinis Black Shirts and their attempt and success in ridding the country of Spain of socialist buy destroying their newspapers and headquarters. Mussolini used their form of chaos to step forward as the countries savior and became a leading fgure in World War II on the Axis side of power. Hitler was also another clever man in his use of non- violence, surprising I know. Hitler would use his elegant speeches to sway the minds of the Germans and convince them that everything he goes to do is in their interest. Using his control over their thoughts, in a manner of speaking, he would push through laws such as Enabling Act that gave him dictatorial power for the next four years. Non-violent to the core, but this kind of power cannot be held without violence. actors, which are famous for their extreme use of violence to an end. They were ordered to arrest and shoot without trail about thousand long-time Nazi storm roopers, this led to army leaders throughout Germany to swear total obedience to Hitler. Past the state actors are famous non-state actors such as Lech Walesa and the Solidarity movement. This movement by non-state actors was an attempt to for increased rights for workers and a new political reform. Walesa and the rest of his group used their power, despite being outlawed by the Communist, to bring about a free election in 1989 and this eventually led to the Fall of the Berlin Wall. Non- violence eventually prevailed in Europe and the end of the Cold War followed soon after.

Take The Initiative To Make Things Better Example

Take The Initiative To Make Things Better Example Take The Initiative To Make Things Better – Term Paper Example Running head: Take an initiative to make things better Take an initiative to make things better Take the initiative to make things betterSouthwest Airlines has tried to not just build an empire but build a family in the process of building an empire. The core values i.e. Warrior spirit, servant’s heart and fun-loving attitude reflect this objective as well. The warrior’s spirit talks about the fighting spirit – this is the kind of person who never gives up or gives in and keeps on striving for perfection. One who has a fighting spirit tackles all kinds of adversity but never backs down. Then we come to the servant’s heart which has its base in making the customer happy. Those who act with modesty and look towards the wellbeing of others before their own fit into this category. The main idea is to perform in a way which is most satisfactory for the customer. The third and most important point is having a fun-loving attitude, one’s job shouldn’ t all be about performance and rules but one must have fun doing that job as well (Jackson et al., 2008:558).As an employee just by following these laws I can very easily not just make my job better but also produce a positive impact on the company itself. If you look at the core values you will see that following them will result in great things. For example if I have a warrior’s spirit I will never back down from a problem; the company will consists of individuals who are problem solvers and not one’s who accept defeat and back down. This is a great way to not just push the firm forward but also to squash the competition. By having a servant’s heart I am basically making sure that I am putting the customers first. The best advertising is one that comes through the word of mouth, if the customers leave happy they will not just keep coming back but will bring others back with them. Lastly, the best way to enhance your job performance is to love your job. People who are satisfied with their job will produce better work and hence the firm they work in will produce better services. At Southwest, because a fun-loving attitude is one core value which by ensuring the benefit and happiness of the employee ensures the benefit and success of the company as a whole. ReferenceJackson, S.E, Randall, S.S., Werner S.(2008): Managing Human Resources: Cengage Learning

Analysis Of The Relationship Between Religion Essay

Analysis Of The Relationship Between Religion - Essay Example The consideration of the idea of God inevitably leads to consideration of another, contrary idea, namely the evil. Indeed, if there is light, there must be darkness or at least shadow as well. So, the Christian doctrine is likely to make some provisions about the nature of evil. According to the scholars, there are two forms of evil: moral and natural. The former is something that is caused by people. This form involves the concept of morality and, therefore, can occur only within the environment of the people. So, murder or incest is something that is seen as moral evil by the people. There is a different form of evil, the natural one. It occurs in the environment and people are victims of it, not the creators. For example, earthquakes are put into a natural evil category. Keeping in mind the above-mentioned idea, â€Å"the fact of evil becomes an objection to rational belief in God, at least believe in a perfectly good, all-powerful deity†. However, the Christians were able to come up with various justifications, theodicies. For example, according to one of them, evil is necessary since it makes people morally mature; in other words, the ability to distinguish between good and evil is something that should be seen as a characteristic of a fully developed human and something which Adam and Eve were deprived at first. Therefore, evil exists not because God cannot destroy it (He is omnipotent), not because He does not know about it (He is omniscient) or not because He is not good (He is omnibenevolent).

What have been the most frequently cited Bible passages used by Research Paper

What have been the most frequently cited Bible passages used by perpetrators of family violence to justify their actions and what are the common contours of those arguments - Research Paper Example This essay makes a literature review of frequently cited Bible passages perpetrators of family violence quote to justify their actions while also assessing the common contours that the arguments take. Fortune, Abugideiri and Dratch (2010) explores how misinterpretation of religious texts can have a detrimental result for members of the family when handling disagreements. The authors note that many confrontations within the family are as a result of facing a crisis in determining meaning in one’s life. The authors note that religion is the most preferred basis for individuals to try and identify meaning and direct their lives. However, since many individuals have a narrow grasp of the religious concept, they end up relying on inadequate religious resources to come up with solutions for complex human experiences such as domestic violence. Fortune, Abugideiri and Dratch (2010) cite Ephesians 5:22 and Colossians 3:18 as the misinterpreted parts of the Bible that perpetrators of violence in the family use to justify their violent actions to counsellors, members of the clergy, and to the victims of the abuse. The As a consequence of misinterpretation of religious doctrines indiv iduals end up suffering in the family due to the pain inflicted on them by spouses or other members. Cummings (2010) notes â€Å"My sheep hear my voice and another he will not follow† in John 10:27 as being among the verses that men cite to justify physical violence against their wives. As a Christian counsellor who specializes in women who are victims of domestic violence, the author creates a parallel between the sufferings of Jesus and what these women are going through. Cummings (2010) asserts that putting oneself in the position that Jesus was during his persecution will be an important step in determining the best step to be taken when one is hurt by the spouse. The author singles out the church as propagating domestic violence in situations where they

Health and Social Care Essay Example for Free

Health and Social Care Essay We acknowledge with sincere thanks the many people who gave generously of their time to help us with this work. We particularly appreciate the expertise and advice o? ered by Arnon Bentovim, Richard Velleman, Lorna Templeton, Carolyn Davies and Sheena Prentice. The work has been funded by the Department for Education and we thank sta? in the department, particularly Jenny Gray who supported us throughout the work with her interest and valuable comments. The work was assisted by an advisory group whose membership was: Isabella Craig and Jenny Gray (Department for Education); Christine Humphrey (Department of Health) and Sian Rees (NICE); Arnon Bentovim (consultant child and adolescent psychiatrist at the Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children and the Tavistock Clinic); Marian Brandon (reader in social work, University of East Anglia); Carolyn Davies  (research advisor, Institute of Education, University of London); Jo Fox (social work consultant, Child-Centred Practice); David Jones (consultant child and family psychiatrist, Department of Psychiatry; University of Oxford); Sue McGaw (specialist in learning disabilities, Cornwall Partnership Trust); Sheena Prentice (specialist midwife in substance misuse, Nottingham City PCT); Wendy Rose (The Open University); Lorna Templeton (manager of the Alcohol, Drugs and the Family Research Programme, University of Bath); and Richard Velleman (University of Bath and director of development and research, Avon and Wiltshire Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust). Introduction This second edition of Children’s Needs – Parenting Capacity provides an update on the impact of parental problems, such as substance misuse, domestic violence, learning disability and mental illness, on children’s welfare. Research, and in particular the biennial overview reports of serious case reviews (Brandon et al 2008; 2009; 2010), have continued to emphasise the importance of understanding and acting on concerns about children’s safety and welfare when living in households where these types of parental problems are present. Almost three quarters of the children in both this and the 2003-05 study had been living with past or current domestic violence and or parental mental ill health and or substance misuse – often in combination. (Brandon et al 2010, p. 112) These concerns were very similar to those that prompted the ? rst edition of this book, which was commissioned following the emergence of these themes from the Department of Health’s programme of child protection research studies (Department of Health 1995a). These studies had demonstrated that a high level of parental mental illness, problem alcohol and drug abuse and domestic violence were present in families of children who become involved in the child protection system. Research context The 2010 Government statistics for England demonstrate that, as in the 1990s, only a very small proportion of children referred to children’s social care become the subject of a child protection plan (Department for Education 2010b). However, the types of parental problems outlined above are not con? ned to families where a child is the subject of a child protection plan (Brandon et al. 2008, 2009, 2010; Rose and Barnes 2008). In many families children’s health and development are being a? ected by the di? culties their parents are experiencing. The ? ndings from research, however, suggest that services are not always forthcoming. Practically a quarter of referrals to children’s social care resulted in no action being taken (Cleaver and Walker with Meadows 2004). Lord Laming’s progress report (2009) also expressed concerns that referrals to children’s services from other professionals did not always lead to an initial assessment and that ‘much more needs to be done to ensure that the services are as e? ective as possible at working together to achieve positive outcomes for children’ (Lord Laming 2009, p. 9, paragraph 1. 1). Practitioners’ fear of failing to identify a child in need of protection is also a factor driving up the numbers of referrals to children’s social care services which result in no provision of help. ‘This is creating a skewed system that is paying so much attention to identifying cases of abuse 2 Children’s Needs – Parenting Capacity and neglect that it is draining time and resource away from families’ (Munro 2010, p. 6). Munro’s Interim Report (2011) draws attention once again to the highly traumatic experience for children and families who are drawn into the Child Protection system where maltreatment is not found, which leaves them with a fear of asking for help in the future. A ? nding which was identi? ed by earlier research on child protection (Cleaver and Freeman 1995). Evidence from the 1995 child protection research (Department of Health 1995a) indicated that when parents have problems of their own, these may adversely a? ect their capacity to respond to the needs of their children. For example, Cleaver and Freeman (1995) found in their study of suspected child abuse that in more than half of the cases, families were experiencing a number of problems including mental illness or learning disability, problem drinking and drug use, or domestic violence. A similar picture of the di? culties facing families who have been referred to children’s social care services emerges from more recent research (Cleaver and Walker with Meadows 2004). It is estimated that there are 120,000 families experiencing multiple problems, including poor mental health, alcohol and drug misuse, and domestic violence. ‘Over a third of these families have children subject to child protection procedures’ (Munro 2011, p. 30, paragraph 2. 30). Children’s services have the task of identifying children who may need additional services in order to improve their well-being as relating to their: (a) physical and mental health and emotional well-being; (b) protection from harm and neglect; (c) education, training and recreation; (d) the contribution made by them to society; and (e) social and economic well-being. (Section 10(2) of the Children Act 2004) The Common Assessment Framework (Children’s Workforce Development Council 2010) and the Assessment Framework (Department of Health et al. 2000) enable frontline professionals working with children to gain an holistic picture of the child’s world and identify more easily the di? culties children and families may be experiencing. Although research suggests that social workers (Cleaver et al. 2007) and health professionals are equipped to recognise and respond to indications that a child is being, or is likely to be, abused or neglected, there is less evidence in relation to teachers and the police (Daniel et al. 2009). The identi? cation of children’s needs may have improved, but understanding how parental mental illness, learning disabilities, substance misuse and domestic violence a? ect children and families still requires more attention. For example, a small in-depth study found less than half (46%) of the managers in children’s social care, health and the police rated as ‘good’ their understanding of the impact on children of parental substance misuse, although this rose to 61% in relation to the impact of domestic violence (Cleaver et al. 2007). The need for more training on assessing the likelihood of harm to children of parental drug and alcohol misuse.

Chaucers Canterbury Tales - The Language of Chaucer Essay -- Canterbu

The Language of Chaucer in The Canterbury Tales      Ã‚   With careful study, the language of Chaucer in The Canterbury Tales is usually clarified and understood as the beautiful verse narrative it is. There is, however, the common problem that comes when one is unable to comprehend it in Middle English enough to coherently study it. The question has been raised as to whether it might be more useful to study a translated version of the poem so that it can be understood on first reading. The main problem with this idea is that in nearly every translation, the great beauty of the language is lost in translation, thus subtracting a great deal of the poem's power and charm. Some gloss, however, is required to make it accessible for the average reader. Therefore, the best answer is moderation between translation and language which captures the beauty in a manageable form.    Such a form is presented in The Norton Anthology of English Literature, from which can be pulled the following four lines:    Whan that April with his showres soote The droughte of March hath perced to the roote, And bathed every veine in swich licour, Of which vertu engendred is the flowr; (ll. 1-4)    The above is a mix of the original spelling with some gloss (in side notes) and spelling translations meant to aide in reading, but not change the poem completely. With relatively little study in the pronunciation of Middle English, most readers could understand and read aloud the poem with its intended lyricism. After some getting used to, it reads almost smoothly, and with concentration is certainly coherent.    In the original manuscript, the reading is difficult enough that coherency is less feasible. The original spe... ... pick up the themes, true, but in reality they are only half of the Chaucer experience.    While there are a variety of modern translations which completely reorient The Canterbury Tales for today's readers, most fall short in expressing the impressive control that Chaucer had over his native language. Changes can be made to his text if we want to understand it, but the best of these modifications interferes little or not at all with the authentic reading; this way the rich sound of the original is maintained and upheld.    Bibliography    Brewer, Derek. Tradition and Innovation in Chaucer. London: Macmillan, 1982. Chaucer, Geoffrey. The Canterbury Tales. Pp. 3-328. In the Riverside Chaucer. Larry D. Benson, ed. Boston: Houghton, 1987.   Delasanta, Rodney. "Language and The Canterbury Tales." Chaucer Review 31.3 (1997), 209-231.   

President Roosevelt’s Goals

Upon his election to deliver the New Deal, an unprecedented number of reforms addressing the catastrophic effects of the Great Depression, Roosevelt felt it was the federal government's duty to help the American people weather these bad times. His first duty as president was to declare a four-day bank Holiday, during which time congress drafted the Emergency Banking Bill of 1933, which stabilized the Banking ystem.This restored faith in the Banking systems for the people. Three months later he signed the Glass-Steagall Act, which created the FDIC, federally insuring deposits. The Civil Conservation Corps was one of the New Deal's most successful programs. It addressed the pressing problem of unemployment sending millions of men to the Nations' forests to work. The Works Progress Administration program; Roosevelt's major work program, would employ 8. 5 million Americans to build airports, parks, ridges, etc.Other programs included were, The National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) and The National Recovery Administration (NRA) were created to help unemployment. The Federal Emergency Relief Program (FERA) gave 3 million to states for work relief programs. The Agricultural Act subsidized farmers for reducing crops and provided loans for farmers facing bankruptcy. The Home Owner's loan Corporation (HOLC) helped people save their homes from foreclosure. The Deal Programs did not end theGreat Depression, they did however help Americans by taking care of their basic needs and giving them the dignity of work and hope. President Roosevelt not only got the American people a start in the Great Depression but he would go on to pass a few more important deal programs. The Wagner Act, one of the most important pieces of labor legislation in History. It supported the rights of working class Americans, guaranteeing workers' the right to organize Unions and bargaining with management. Then there was the SocialSecurity Act in 1935 proposed by Roosevelt. This Act has proved to be the most significant and far-reaching of all the New Deal initiatives. The Social Security Act was to help those who were disabled, blind, or elder. The New Social Security tax took money right out of worker's pockets and placed it into a retirement trust fund, exacerbating the shrinking money supply that was one of the main causes of the Great Depression. President Roosevelt created another major bill called the Revenue Act, it raised taxes on annual income above $50,000.Estate and Gift taxes also rose as did the corporate tax rate. This caused an uproar among businessmen and conservatives, who were fuming at Roosevelt saying he was moving dangerously into a radical direction. Roosevelt countered by stressing he had no love for socialism. Roosevelt steered a zigzag course between the extremes of unregulated Capitalism and socialism. The Greatest failure of the New Deal was its inability to restore economic regulatory powers of t federal welfare system.Roosevelt was no socialist, he sought o preserve the basic capitalist structures. The New Deal represented a â€Å"halfway revolution† that altered the Nation's social and political landscape. President Roosevelt had three main goals while in office, to provide assistance to millions of needy Americans, to improve the level of the Economy, and to pass laws that would eradicate poverty and unemployment. People called this the Three R's; Recovery, Relief, and Reform. Due to his dedication to save America from the Great Depression we today can live a better life.

The Virtue of Forgiveness

The Virtue of Forgiveness Under the circumstances, the human may rush in making his decisions, so the consequences will be more negative than the actions resulting from these decisions, so it will be better if he does not make these decisions. It's important for man to pardon so he can cope up with the milieu he is living; We stop here to mention some features of the Prophets (blessing and peace be upon him) forgiveness in his dealing with people. These are useful and great lessons in every place and time.Forgiveness is when someone refrains from retaliating, although he is capable of doing so. This is one of the qualities that reflect perfection of manners and nobility of character. ‘Aa`ishah said: â€Å"It was never that the Prophet had a choice between two matters but he chose the easiest of the two, as long as it was not something displeasing to Allaah, and if it was a sin, then he was the farthest from it. Further, never did he take revenge for anything personal, unless i t had to do with the commandments of and limits set by Allaah. Additionally, on the day of the bloodless conquest of Makkah, although he was capable of punishing and killing them, the Prophet pardoned the people of the Quraysh, despite the torture and crimes they had committed against him and his companions in the earlier days of Islaam. Furthermore, a Jewish woman came to Muhammad and offered him poisoned sheep’s meat to eat, but, miraculously, the meat warned the Prophet against consuming it. When he discovered what she had done, he asked for her motive, to which she replied: â€Å"I wanted to kill you. † Thereupon, he said to her: â€Å"Never may Allaah enable you to do so. Then his companions asked: â€Å"Should we kill her? † He replied: â€Å"No. † Overlook people `s fault with gracious forgiveness The Prophet (blessing and peace be upon him) takes (the) forgiveness from the Holy Qur’an, Allah the Almighty said: â€Å"{ So overlook ( O Muha mmad ) their faults with gracious forgiveness },{ Show forgiveness, enjoin what is good, and turn away from the foolish ( i. e. don't punish them ) }, { Who   repress anger, and who pardon men; verily,   Allah loves Al-Muhsinun   ( the good-doers ) }, and { And verily, whosoever shows patience and forgives, that would truly be from the things recommended y Allah. }† The Prophet (blessing and peace be upon him) says about the virtue of pardoning:†I saw palaces overlooking Paradise so I asked Jibril, who are those palaces for? He said: â€Å"Who repress anger and pardon men†. Mu’adh Ibn Jabal l said:† When the Messenger of Allah sent me to Yemen he said: â€Å"Jibril kept advising me for pardoning â€Å"forgiving† people, hadn’t I firm knowledge of Allah, I would say he recommends me to leave hudud (the prescribed punishments)†.The Prophet said: â€Å"Whoever controls his anger at the time when he has the means to act upon th at, Allah will call him before all of mankind on the Day of Resurrection, and will let him choose of the Hur al-‘Ayn whoever he wants. † prophet muhammad (pbuh) is the ultimate human example on being patient with one's wife(s). in spite of his highness at allah's sight and at people's, it has never been heard of a man who had more patience with his wife(s). researching prophet muhammad's patience, you will come across enough evidence.He used to treat them kindly. lady ‘a’isha, may allah be pleased with her, said: â€Å"prophet muhammad (pbuh) told me: â€Å"i can tell when you are pleased with me and when you are not. † i said: â€Å"how can you tell? † he said: â€Å"if you are pleased with me you swear saying: â€Å"no, by muhammad's lord† and if you are not, you swear saying: â€Å"no, by abraham's lord. â€Å"† she said: â€Å"yes by allah, prophet of allah. i can only abandon your name. † this saying ‘hadith' is from al bukhari. nas, may allah be pleased with him, reported: â€Å"the prophet of allah (pbuh) was with one of his wives then another wife sent him a plate of food. the one that the prophet was at her home hit the hand of the servant who was carrying the plate. it fell down and broke into two pieces. the prophet collected the broken pieces and the food and said: â€Å"your mother [his wife] is jealous. † he then kept the servant until he brought a new plate from the wife who broke the plate to give it to the other wife and kept the broken one at the home of the one who broke it. † narrated by al bukhari

Business proposal “Airasia” Essay Essay Example

Business proposal â€Å"Airasia† Essay Essay Example Business proposal â€Å"Airasia† Essay Essay Business proposal â€Å"Airasia† Essay Essay The company selected for this concern proposal is AirAsia Berhad ( afterlife referred as AirAsia ) and both the concern and fiscal public presentation of AirAsia would be analysed from 1st January 2009 to 31st December 2011. â€Å"The company was incorporated in 2001. as a private limited liability company both incorporated and domiciled in Malaysia. AirAsia was converted into a public limited liability company on 8th June 2004 and became listed on the Main Board of Bursa Malaysia Securities Berhad on 22 November 2004. The chief activity of AirAsia is supplying Air Transportation Services† . The vision of AirAsia has been â€Å"to be the largest low cost air hose in Asia and functioning the 3 billion people who are presently underserved with hapless connectivity and high fares† . AirAsia’s mission is to make a globally recognized trade name in the ASEAN ( Association of Southeast Asian Nations ) and sustain profitableness growing with the highest quality services and technological promotions. The doctrine of AirAsia is to do winging possible for everyone. Since 2001. AirAsia had fleetly broken travel norms across the Earth. where it is a taking low-cost bearer that does non necessitate farther debut in ASEAN. With the tagline â€Å"Now everyone can fly† . AirAsia ferried 135 million invitees as at 31 December 2011. Furthermore during the past decennary AirAsia established successful ventures with Thai AirAsia. Indonesia AirAsia. AirAsia Philippines. AirAsia Japan and AirAsia X ( chiefly focused on long-haul section ) . leting AirAsia to take low-priced winging to a farther degree with a path web that spans over 20 states. Reasons for making this concern proposal Prior cognition The chief ground for choosing this subject is to use anterior cognition obtained from the concern and fiscal faculties antecedently covered in the ACCA course of study. Furthermore. fiscal analysis is important in construing consequences disclosed in the fiscal statements. Availability of information Besides handiness of one-year studies and other concern beginnings provided me with equal information to analyze the public presentation of AirAsia that farther encouraged in taking this subject. The one-year studies were readily available from the company web site and no clip was wasted on extraction of it. Reasons for taking AirAsiaExtensive growing of AirAsiaIn January 2002. AirAsia had merely two aeroplanes that had been winging to six finishs within Malaysia. During the past decennary AirAsia had significantly expanded to wing over 80 finishs with a fleet of 97 aircrafts as at 31 December 2011. Hence I was motivated to happen out how AirAsia managed to accomplish successful growing and a healthy underside line. Famous in South East Asia ( SEA ) AirAsia is one of the largest and most popular low cost air hoses in SEA. which had facilitated going at low-cost monetary values ; which is the chief ground behind riders preferring AirAsia for both domestic and international flights. Furthermore the finishs flown by AirAsia screens more hubs compared to other air hoses and riders are presented with bundled travel bundle options. which include air ticket. hotel adjustment. travel services. In add-on. AirAsia was chosen as the â€Å"World’s Best Low-Cost Airline† awarded by Skytrax World Airline for four back-to-back old ages ( from twelvemonth 2009 to 2012 ) . Furthermore. in the twelvemonth 2009 and 2011. AirAsia was awarded with â€Å"Best Asiatic Low-Cost Carrier† award by TTG Travel Awards. Undertaking aims and research questionsProject objectives To analyze and measure the fiscal public presentation of AirAsia over a 3 twelvemonth period by comparing its public presentation against Tiger Airways Holdings Li mited utilizing relevant fiscal ratios. To analyze and measure the concern public presentation of AirAsia over a 3 twelvemonth period utilizing the staying three positions of the Balance Scorecard technique To measure. with grounds whether AirAsia is a worthwhile investing chance Research questionsHow did AirAsia financially perform in comparing with its rival Tiger Airways? How does AirAsia’s fiscal public presentation impact on its stockholders? How was AirAsia’s concern public presentation within the 3 old ages? How does AirAsia manage to prolong its ‘no-frills’ scheme and place amidst the increasing competition? Beginnings of informationPrimary informations sourcesPrimary informations refers to new informations collected by a research worker associating to the issues of the survey. The methods used to roll up primary informations involve questionnaires. observations. studies and interviews. The research worker who collects the information is referred as primary user ( s ) . Primary informations would non be used in this undertaking as it is clip devouring to roll up such informations and several information is readily available. Therefore information available from secondary beginnings will be used to run into the undertaking aims and research inquiries defined earlier. Secondary informations sourcesSecondary informations r efers to informations gathered by person else and already used for their ( primary users’ ) intent. The individual set abouting the research is referred as the secondary user. who would set about desk or library research for the said undertaking. The chief beginnings of secondary informations used for undertaking are: TextbooksTextbooks were used as the chief beginning of information as they were complied by people who have vast cognition in the capable country and be given to be more dependable and accurate compared to other beginnings. The chief types of text editions referred in this undertaking for fiscal analysis are ACCA BPP survey stuffs and academic mention books such as â€Å"Accounting Principles† by Weygandt. Kimmel and Kieso and â€Å"Financial and managerial accounting† by Horngren. Harrison and Oliver. To analyze the company’s concern public presentation. â€Å"Alignment: utilizing the balanced scorecard to make corporation synergies† by Kaplan. Roberts and Norton had been referred to. Electronic beginnings E-sources were used due to convenience and effectiveness. The chief e-source used was AirAsia’s web site to abstract the one-year studies and all information sing the company. Additionally. Internet had been used for farther reading to heighten academic cognition and obtain relevant newspaper articles and other information about the company.

3 Cases of Using the Wrong Punctuation

3 Cases of Using the Wrong Punctuation 3 Cases of Using the Wrong Punctuation 3 Cases of Using the Wrong Punctuation By Mark Nichol In each of the following sentences, the wrong punctuation has been employed to aid in organization of a sentence. Discussion after each example explains the problem, and a revision demonstrates the solution. 1. Ensure that you have an escape route while driving in traffic, drive at a speed that places your vehicle outside clusters of vehicles. This sentence suffers from a comma splice- the use of a comma to separate two independent clauses. A more potent punctuation mark should be used instead: â€Å"Ensure that you have an escape route while driving in traffic; drive at a speed that places your vehicle outside clusters of vehicles† (Alternatively, a dash could replace the comma, or the content could be divided into two sentences. Or, because the second clause is an extension of the first one, a colon would be appropriate.) 2. An executive in the organization perceives a need for change, a digitalization project,  for example, that will help pull the company ahead  of its competitors. When a parenthesis within a parenthesis occurs, use distinct punctuation marks to aid the reader in recognizing the hierarchy of the sentence elements; retain commas for one parenthetical element within another, and employ dashes or parentheses to frame the more significant interjection: â€Å"An executive in the organization perceives a need for change- a digitalization project,  for example- that will help pull the company ahead  of its competitors.† 3. For example, implement processes that generate sources of new learning; encourage systemic thinking in distilling and acting on the environment feedback received; and facilitate effective listening to customers, suppliers, employees, and other stakeholders with the objective of driving continuous improvement. When one or more items in a list themselves include lists, semicolons serve as supercommas to distinguish the two levels of organization. However, they function only if the sentence ends with the final list item. If a phrase that applies to all list items follows the final list item, as â€Å"with the objective of driving continuous improvement† does here, the final semicolon â€Å"traps† that phrase so that it appears to apply only to that item. To avoid this error, revise the sentence to eliminate the use of semicolons: â€Å"For example, implement processes that generate sources of new learning as well as those that encourage systemic thinking in distilling and acting on the environment feedback received and facilitate effective listening to customers, suppliers, employees, and other stakeholders with the objective of driving continuous improvement.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Compared "to" or Compared "with"?Driver License vs. Driver’s LicenseThe Difference Between "Phonics" and "Phonetics"

Summery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Summery - Essay Example In essence, plastics are cheaper, sturdier but non-biodegradable. Meanwhile, paper is biodegradable, organic but expensive to make and recycle. Advocates for both sides continue to argue their cases but everyone agrees that the best way to solve this problem is to BYOB: Bring Your Own Bag. NY did so when the eco-friendly â€Å"I am not a plastic bag† totes made by Anya Hindmarch from UK hit the stores, making BYOB a must-do and must-see by Yankees. It only goes to show that when fashion leads the way, everybody follows. The people of Boac, Marinduque will always remember March 24, 1996. It was the fateful day when a poorly plugged drainage pipe burst and more than three million tons of mine tailings inundated the river. The rising flood spilled over the farms and residential areas causing irreparable damage to their homes, livelihood, source of food, irrigation and water. Many people survived but the Boac River did not. The local community knew who to blame for the tragedy: Marcopper Mining Corp. The villagers hold the company accountable for their irresponsibility and even suspect that it had been doing illegal activities during its operations. With the support of the national government, NGOs and other civil organizations, the community expediently filed a lawsuit against Marcopper Mining Corp. and its major shareholder, Placer Dome Inc., a Canadian firm. Marcopper had been digging for copper only a few years but its parent company, Placer Dome has been mining gold there since 1970. In 1998, it posted profits amounting to 105 million US dollars and was among the top five gold mining industries in the world. Placer Dome owns some 14 mines all over the globe, among them Marcopper Mining. But even with such high acclaims, Placer has been allegedly involved not only causing environmental disasters in the countries of United

Chopsticks Only Works in Pairs Book Analysis Essay

Chopsticks Only Works in Pairs Book Analysis - Essay Example Very strange social customs like the walking marriage (In a walking marriage, the couples do not marry to live together as is the majority custom. Both of them stay in their own matrilineal family for the whole life. The male walks to the female’s house every evening and. the women open their doors to their lovers every evening. The men walk back home to work in their mothers household every morning. Neither of them is a member of each others family. ) and the graceful peacock dances seen among the Yunnan minorities are now recognized examples of cultural diversities seen among the ethnic minorities. It is in this context that Shanshan Du’s Chopsticks Only Work in Pairs, an important work on the ethnography of the Luhu gender system in China becomes pertinent. The book deeply explores the gender egalitarian society that still exists among the Lahu community, a community that lives in Southwest China; a community without a traditional written language. Chopsticks Only Wo rk in Pairs is a proverb that expresses the ideology that supports the gender equality prevalent in this community. Du begins the book with a clear theoretical introduction which states that, like rare islands there exists gender egalitarian societies, though very scarce and often imperfect. The existence of such societies has to be seen in the background of the cry for gender equality, which according to Du is â€Å" a popular dream like concept in the so called civilized world .† The strange fact is that these egalitarian societies are not recognized either by the feminists or by the anthropologists. This exposes the limitations of the utopian feminist agendas and the Western intellectual traditions, Du argues. Du in her introductory chapter thus goes critical about what she calls the anti male bias of the feminists. Even in a male dominated society there is no absolute male domination; neither is there absolute female

How does a post colonial reading of Jane Eyre expose the authors deep Essay

How does a post colonial reading of Jane Eyre expose the authors deep anxiety regarding the idealogy of imperialism - Essay Example Jane’s Experiences The character of the protagonist Jane Eyre is the center of a struggle that is purely based on class. As an orphan, Jane suffered the consequences of poverty even though she is educated. Getting meager income from being a governess, she found herself in a low social standing -- hence, powerless. As a woman, she also experienced the vicious treatment from men in a patriarchal society (Morris, 1999). Due to these experiences, Jane identified herself with the millions in fervent yet in silent revolution against such inequalities. By studying her dialogues, it can be observed that Jane compared herself to a champion for the slaves who struggled hard for the attainment of freedom and the eradication of oppression, in a very indirect way. In her own terms, she fought against the notion that men are superior to women, and attempted to subdue that men's unjust treatment towards the women can always be justified. Although Jane acknowledged the fact that the social an d economic as well as cultural inequalities are realities that she needed to embrace, she remained firm in her belief that a time will come when ‘people will be liberated from such hell-like conditions’ (Glen, 1997). A feminist in her own right, Jane remarked: Women suffer from too rigid a restraint, too absolute stagnation, precisely as men would suffer; and it is narrow-minded in their more privileged fellow-creatures to say that they ought to confine themselves to making puddings and knitting stockings, to playing on the piano and embroidering bags. It is thoughtless to condemn them, or laugh at them, if they seek to do more or learn more than custom has pronounced necessary for their sex. (Dunn & Bronte, 2001, p.99) Britain’s Colonial Rule The Victorian era marked Britain’s international expansion of power, wealth and culture. The empire, which included India, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, South Africa, Hong Kong Gibraltar, Rhodesia and several islan ds in the West Indies and various colonies in the African coast, was the biggest in the world during the period. Generally, the prevailing attitude of the British about the view that the English was destined to rule the world and that they had the supreme responsibility to instill culture to the ‘uncivilized’ was a key factor in its exploration and subjugation of peoples. This was heavily examined by Bronte, which can be gleaned from her works particularly in Jane Eyre (Berg, 1987). Although the author distanced herself on the issue of the Transatlantic Slave Trade, she still tackled slavery in some of her works. In the novel, Jane eventually inherited the wealth of her uncle which was derived from Madeira, a fictitious British colony. In an honorable manner, she divided the amount and the estates she obtained among her cousins. However, it should be pointed out that because of this inheritance sourced from slave colonies, Jane obtained the freedom that she longed for ( Bell, 2008). Mr. Rochester, Jane’s husband, was depicted to have worked and found his fortune in the West Indies. There, he found himself attracted to a half-Creole and Jamaican-raised Bertha who he saw

The Civil Rights Movement Essay Example for Free

The Civil Rights Movement Essay The Civil Rights Movement is one of the most well known social movements in American History. But have you ever stopped to think of what really makes up a movement? Social movements are demonstrations used to express dissatisfaction with a certain policy or practice. Movements are all made possible by devoted leaders, bold, ordinary citizens, community support, and political institutions. Although the aforementioned components make social movements possible, the main driving force for a successful movement- such as the Civil Rights Movement- is having bold individuals willing to take risks for the cause. People willing to risk their lives for a cause are the main factor that can push a movement to success. An example of a group of ordinary people that had a profound impact on the Civil Rights Movement is the Greensboro Four. The Greensboro Four were students at North Carolina AT that facilitated sit-ins at the Woolworth’s store â€Å"whites only† lunch counter. They were refused service and were asked to leave, but instead of fighting back or leaving, they merely sat at the lunch counter and waited to be served. They knew that they would not be served, but for the sake of making their point known they remained seated until the store closed. As a result of their protest, many other protesters followed in their footsteps in the following days. Each day, the Woolworth’s store was occupied by more and more African-American protesters. Sales at the store dropped drastically, and in the end the segregation policy at the store was abandoned. Protests in neighboring towns arose as the news of the Greensboro Four spread. The Greensboro Four helped bring integration to North Carolina quickly. They acted as models, and their success inspired other people to stand up for their rights. Without visionaries such as the Greensboro Four, people would not have taken the risk to protest against segregation. There would have been nobody to inspire ordinary people, and convince them that they could cause a change and get rid of segregation. The Greensboro Four, and other individuals that stood out like them, are a prime example of why the Civil Rights Movement was successful. The brave individuals took a risk to support their cause, despite the hardships they faced in the process. Their protests not only inspired other people to start their own protests, but they gave hope to people that were aspiring to eliminate segregation.

Examination of Heathcliffs character in the plot of Wuthering Heights :: English Literature

Examination of Heathcliff's character in the plot of Wuthering Heights WutheringHeights centers around the story of Heathcliff. The first paragraph of the novel provides a vivid physical picture of him, as Lockwood describes how his "black eyes" withdraw suspiciously under his brows at Lockwood's approach. Nelly's story begins with his introduction into the Earnshaw family, his vengeful machinations drive the entire plot, and his death ends the book. The desire to understand him and his motivations keeps us engaged in the novel. His many levels cause us to delve deeper than expected, and the introspection allows us to fully explore not only Heathcliff but also the novel itself. Heathcliff, however, defies being understood, and it is difficult for us to resist seeing what they want or expect to see in him. The novel teases with the possibility that Heathcliff is something other than what he seems; that his cruelty is merely an expression of his frustrated love for Catherine, or that his sinister behaviors serve to conceal the heart of a romantic hero. We expect Heathcliff's character to contain such a hidden virtue because he resembles a hero in a romance novel. Traditionally, romance novel heroes appear dangerous, brooding, and cold at first, only later to emerge as fiercely devoted and loving. However, Heathcliff does not reform, and his malevolence proves so great and long-lasting that it cannot be adequately explained even as a desire for revenge against Hindley, Catherine, Edgar, etc. As he himself points out, his abuse of Isabella is purely sadistic, as he amuses himself by seeing how much abuse she can take and still come cringing back for more. The author does the same thing to the readers to us that Heathcliff does to Isabella, testing to see how many times the reader can be shocked by Heathcliff's gratuitous violence and still, masochistically, insist on seeing him as a romantic hero. Heathcliff drives the plot, as without Heathcliff we would not have any of the problems needed to be dealt with. Heathcliff is connected in some way to almost everyone in this novel, and unfortunately in some way he deals with them negatively. Heathcliff helps to attach all of these stories together, as he is the reason such misfortune happens to everyone and thus he sits at the crux of the basic plot. He remains throughout the novel to be somehow involved in most happenings, whether it is part of the present day with Mr. Lockwood or when Nelly recalls of his doings back in the day when Catherine was still alive.He Considering this historical context, Heathcliff seems to embody the anxieties that the book's upper- and middle-class audience had Examination of Heathcliff's character in the plot of Wuthering Heights :: English Literature Examination of Heathcliff's character in the plot of Wuthering Heights WutheringHeights centers around the story of Heathcliff. The first paragraph of the novel provides a vivid physical picture of him, as Lockwood describes how his "black eyes" withdraw suspiciously under his brows at Lockwood's approach. Nelly's story begins with his introduction into the Earnshaw family, his vengeful machinations drive the entire plot, and his death ends the book. The desire to understand him and his motivations keeps us engaged in the novel. His many levels cause us to delve deeper than expected, and the introspection allows us to fully explore not only Heathcliff but also the novel itself. Heathcliff, however, defies being understood, and it is difficult for us to resist seeing what they want or expect to see in him. The novel teases with the possibility that Heathcliff is something other than what he seems; that his cruelty is merely an expression of his frustrated love for Catherine, or that his sinister behaviors serve to conceal the heart of a romantic hero. We expect Heathcliff's character to contain such a hidden virtue because he resembles a hero in a romance novel. Traditionally, romance novel heroes appear dangerous, brooding, and cold at first, only later to emerge as fiercely devoted and loving. However, Heathcliff does not reform, and his malevolence proves so great and long-lasting that it cannot be adequately explained even as a desire for revenge against Hindley, Catherine, Edgar, etc. As he himself points out, his abuse of Isabella is purely sadistic, as he amuses himself by seeing how much abuse she can take and still come cringing back for more. The author does the same thing to the readers to us that Heathcliff does to Isabella, testing to see how many times the reader can be shocked by Heathcliff's gratuitous violence and still, masochistically, insist on seeing him as a romantic hero. Heathcliff drives the plot, as without Heathcliff we would not have any of the problems needed to be dealt with. Heathcliff is connected in some way to almost everyone in this novel, and unfortunately in some way he deals with them negatively. Heathcliff helps to attach all of these stories together, as he is the reason such misfortune happens to everyone and thus he sits at the crux of the basic plot. He remains throughout the novel to be somehow involved in most happenings, whether it is part of the present day with Mr. Lockwood or when Nelly recalls of his doings back in the day when Catherine was still alive.He Considering this historical context, Heathcliff seems to embody the anxieties that the book's upper- and middle-class audience had

Analysis of the Poem: The Darkling Thrush Essay

Speaker: The speaker in the first two stanzas is portrayed as pessimistic and dark, but this changed in the two last stanzas. In any case, the speaker is conveyed to have strong feelings for nature. Form: Rhyming scheme is clearly visible giving to poem a rhythm. The 3rd stanza’s rhyming scheme seems to have been modified, if not a little disturbed having a not as good phonetic ending at the end of each stanza conveying the speaker’s disturbance and surprise at the appearance of the thrush. Imagery: L.1 the coppice became a gate conveying that it’s not in its natural state, humans could have modified it. L2: â€Å"When Frost was spectre-grey† a spectre/ghost is something dangerous, menacing, conveying Frost is dangerous, and cold is dangerous, deadly. The Frost being as cold as a ghost. L2-3: Frost and Winter with capital letters, this personifies them. ïÆ'   Cold, winter, death theme introduced. They will be the two â€Å"main characters â€Å"of the poem. L3: â€Å"Winter’s dregs† winters residue, conveys the snow. L3-4: â€Å"Winter’s dregs made desolate, The weakening eye of day† The snow is taking over the day, dark over light. â€Å"Eye of day† conveys the sun symbolizing light, happiness, warmth, is being taken over by â€Å"Winter’s dreg’s† darkness, snow, cold. L5-6: â€Å"The tangled bine-stems scored the sky, like strings of broken lyres† this simile compares plants that are reaching for t he sky, like broken lyres, lyres are instruments symbolizing usually illusion, and mostly the instruments of the gods. Lyres are therefor in the sky with the gods, and the plants are trying to do the same, but will never reach it â€Å"Broken Lyres† or broken â€Å"illusions†. This simile conveys somehow the sky in contrast to earth, heaven, and hell that plants are trying to flee â€Å"score the sky†. L7-8: â€Å"And all mankind that haunted nigh† all the men that were hunting close by, â€Å"Had sought their household fires† had gone back to their house by the fire for warmth. Winter, or death, is more powerful than men with guns. L9: â€Å"The land’s sharp features seemed to be† sharp here conveys the cold. This verse introduces the nature or â€Å"land† as main theme of the stanza. L9-10 â€Å"The land’s sharp features seemed to be† the lands cold features seemed to be â€Å"The Century’s corpse outleant† the Century’s dead body. This metaphor connects the two verses and develops them further in doing so. The land’s â€Å"features† are now clearer to convey member’s like body members. This metaphor also connects â€Å"the land† to the â€Å"Century’s dead body† the speaker here could also convey his thoughts that our present Century is dying. L11-12: â€Å"His crypt the cloudy canopy† This verse conveys the transformation of the â€Å"cloudy† canopy, the unclear, mysterious conveying menace canopy (human being afraid of the unknown) into a crypt, chamber for the dead. Once again the death (here of nature specifically) is here conveyed. This continues the metaphor of the dying land by â€Å"his† asserting a personification of the land. This verse transforms the â€Å"cloudy canopy† into the chamber of death â€Å"crypt† of the land. Finally, to finish the portraying image of a dead body in a crypt, the image of a funeral is clearly conveyed through the 12th verse. â€Å"The wind his death-lament.† This image portrays the wind as the relative, or witness, grieving the land’s death. L13-14: â€Å"The ancient pulse of germ and birth† the verse bring through the image of a â€Å"pulse† of life, that is now no more â€Å"ancient† used to be, but no longer is. â€Å"Was shrunken hard and dry† this continuation of the verse beforehand confirms the death of the â€Å"pulse of germ and birth†, of life, that was â€Å"shrunken hard and dry† that was killed by winter. The use of â€Å"shrunken hard and dry† contrasting â€Å"the pulse of germ and birth† is very well chosen. The pulse of germ and birth is something soft, happy, promising, whereas the use of â€Å"shrunken† shrinks the promising life, turns it into something hard and dry. The contrast of life and death is portrayed here through nature. L15-16: â€Å"And every spirit upon earth seemed fervourless as I† This conveys the desperation and hopelessness that seems to be shared by â€Å"every spirit upon this earth† the whole world seems to have no more hope for better days. With these two last verses, it leaves the second stanza on sorrowful â€Å"fervourless† tone. L16-17: â€Å"At once a voice arose among the bleak twigs overhead† The 3rd stanza starts off with an element of surprise, raising the curiosity of the reader creating suspense of who this might be, or what. This also somehow creates a certain feeling of hope. The 3rd stanza also starts of unlike the other first stanzas through hearing, and not seeing. Therefor the images that were up to now conveyed through the eyes, is not conveyed through the ears. L19-20: â€Å"In full-hearted evensong of joy unlimited† this element brings about hope and joy which was not brought through so far. L21-22: â€Å"An aged thrush, frail, gaunt, and small, in blast-beruffled plume† The suspense is now broken, we find out what this element of surprise and joy is, a bird, a â€Å"Thrush† like indicated in the poem’s title. The sense goes back to seeing now, and the bird is portrayed as â€Å"frail, gaunt, and small† in contrast to the merciless powerful cold winter and death that was conveyed beforehand transforming an entire land into corpse, and yet this bird is full of joy and life unlike â€Å"every spirit on earth†. The bird’s appearance is further more explicit in verse 22 â€Å"In blast-beruffled plume† This feeds further the contrast between the bird and the harsh winter. Indeed the thrush is not only portrayed as markedly frail, but the sharp wind has ruffled his feathers, and we can imag ine the tail-feathers blown nearly inside-out by the sharp blast. L23-24: These verses are very important as they mark another contrast between the bird’s appearance, and â€Å"character†. Indeed this feeble blast-beruffled bird that was conveyed earlier on â€Å"had chosen thus to fling his soul upon the growing gloom† This small bird is like a brave small weak, and yet brave soldier â€Å"flinging† his soul into the midst of a battle, â€Å"upon a growing gloom† that menaces to kill him at any moment. The 3rd stanza brings through an element of hope and surprise. L25-29: The senses are now changed into hearing again as the speaker describes the â€Å"carolings† of the little bird that seems to light up â€Å"terrestrial things â€Å"afar or nigh around† (near or far) into this growing gloom that the speaker doesn’t seem to understand. L30-32: The final 3 verses of the last stanza are very important as they will change the view of the speaker. Indeed the â€Å"happy good night air† of this bird â€Å"some blessed Hope† which is conveyed to be brought through to the speaker by this thrush â€Å"whereof he knew, and I was unaware† The speaker here conveys the relief and comfort and wisdom that was brought to him through the natural wisdom and bravery as well as optimism of this feeble and delicate, yet brave, and tenacious thrush. On this the poem ends on a good note full of hope and optimism for the future.

William Shakespeare Symbolic Plays

Symbols play major roles in everyday situations whether it is in real life, novels, or even movies. In fact, more and more authors nowadays are learning from older play-writers such as William Shakespeare by reading and analyzing their plays. They learn how to develop their novels by incorporating symbols based on action or drama. There are several examples of William Shakespeare’s famous plays that have numerous symbols that tie the story together which include Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, & Julius Caesar.However, the most notable play written by Shakespeare is Macbeth. The play Macbeth written by the world- renowned play-writer William Shakespeare is a play that symbols tie the story together. Three key symbols that emerge in the play are a crown, a crystal ball, and lastly, hallucinations. Every one of these symbols represents a variety of concepts in Macbeth. The first of the three major symbols that tie the play together is the crown. In general, a crown is a symbol that rep resents royalty, authority, leadership, etc.There are many things that come to mind when you think of crown, however, this play changes everything. In Macbeth, the crown represents a variety of concepts and issues that change the fact that characters lives forever. It causes loyal characters such as Macbeth to commit many dreaded acts being numerous counts of murder. Macbeth wouldn’t have gone on with the plan if Lady Macbeth didn’t want as much as she did convince her husband to murder all those people by saying, â€Å"From this time Such I account thy love. Art thou afraid To be in thine act and valor. (Act 1, Scene 7, Page 59, Lines 38-40) When she attired those words, it convinced Macbeth to go along with the original plan. But when he becomes king, and all the murders are done with he begins mistrusting people so he tells himself, â€Å"To be thus is nothing. But to be safety. † (Act 3, Scene 1, Page 15, Line 53) As a result, Macbeth frequently talks to th e witches and they give him different prophecies that give him the confidence he needs to remain king. The second major symbol in the play is hallucination, which is found numerous times and is shown to be a problem mainly because of the murders.Macbeth says to himself shortly after killing Duncan â€Å"Whence is that knocking? How am not with me when every noise appalls me? What hands are here? Ha! They pluck out mine eyes. Will all great Neptune’s ocean wash this blood Clean from my hand? No this hand will rather the multitudinous seas incarnadine. Making the green one red. † (Act 2, Scene 2, Page 81, Lines 60- 63) Macbeth had another time where the hallucination caused him to see the ghost of Banquet which he told the ghost â€Å"Thou canst not say I did it: never shake thy gory locks at me. (Act 3 Scene 4 Page 143, Lines 63-64) The hallucination of the ghost of Banquet represented the guilt from all the crimes that Macbeth had committed. After that scene Macbeth g radually becomes even crazier than he already was and becomes very reckless with his power. Clearly, he was very emotionally unstable as he continues to commit murders. All the hallucinations are a big factor of why Macbeth was unsteady and ended up dying. The third and final major symbol of this play is the crystal ball, which represents looking into the future.I made a choice to make the symbol crystal ball symbolize the prophecies that the witches continuously give Macbeth. Crystal balls typically represent fortune-tellers and the future. That is what started the whole problem and that is the witches and their prophecies for Macbeth. If their prophecies did not take place, Macbeth still would have been Duncan’s loyal general and close friend, but the three witches came to Macbeth and told him, First Witch: â€Å"All hail, Macbeth! Hail to thee, thane of Glacis! † Second Witch: â€Å"All hail, Macbeth!Hail to thee, thane of Cawdor! † Third Witch â€Å"All hai l, Macbeth! Hail to the thane of Cawdor! † That is what caused him to kill the king who thought very highly of him who even gave him the honor of becoming the Thane of Cawdor. Afterwards, when he is knee deep in the murders, he goes back to the witches so that he can attain more prophecies. This time, just to manipulate him, they tell him. First Apparition: â€Å"Macbeth! Macbeth! Macbeth! Beware Macduff. Beware the thane of Fife. Dismiss me. Enough. † Second Apparition â€Å"Macbeth!Macbeth! Macbeth! Be bloody, bold, and resolute; Laugh to scorn the power of man, for none of women born shall harm Macbeth. † Third Apparition â€Å"Be lion-mettled, proud and take no care who chafes, who frets, or where conspirers are. Macbeth shall never vanquished be until Great Birnam Wood to high Dunsinane Hill Shall come against him. † Through the witches’ prophecies, Macbeth gained a load of confidence, which lead him to his eventual death. That is why the cryst al ball prophecies told is a major symbol in the play.In the play Macbeth, written by the world renowned writer, William Shakespeare, the symbols tie the story together. Three major symbols that are shown often in the play are the crown, the crystal ball, and the hallucinations. These symbols represent a variety of concepts that can be interpreted to the progress of the play. The crown signifies the division of power occurring throughout the play, the hallucinations symbolize the problems occurring in Macbeth's life, and finally the crystal ball represents the prophecies and the events that will happen in the future.

Pronunciation-Based Changes in the Spanish Words for And and Or

Pronunciation-Based Changes in the Spanish Words for And and Or Two of the most common conjunctions in Spanish - y (meaning and) and o (meaning or) - can change spelling and pronunciation based on the word that follows. In that way, they are much like the a of English changing to an before a vowel sound. And, like the a-to-an change, the transformation is based on how the following word is pronounced rather than how it is spelled. When Do Y and O Change? Both the y and o changes help keep the conjunction from blending into the following word. (The blending of two words into what sounds like one is called elision when it involves the dropping or omission of sounds, and it is common in both English and Spanish.) Here are the changes that are made: Y becomes e when it precedes a word that begins with the i sound. Typically, y becomes e when it precedes most words that begin with i- or hi-.O becomes u when it precedes a word that begins with the o sound. Thus o becomes u when it precedes words words starting with o- or ho-. Because the changes are based on pronunciation rather than spelling, y does not change before words, such as hierba, that begin with the ia, ie, io, or iu sound, regardless of spelling. Those two-letter combinations are known as diphthongs; the initial sounds are very similar to the Spanish y sound when y comes before a vowel. Sample Sentences Showing Use of Y and O Reciben tratamiento cruel e inhumano. (They are receiving cruel and inhumane treatment. The y changes to e because the inhumano begins with the i sound.) Nuestro conocimiento nos enseà ±a dos cosas claras: posibilidades e imposibilidades. (Our knowledge teaches us two clear things: possibilities and impossibilities. The e is used because imposibilidades begins with the i sound.) Fabricamos barras e hilos de cobre. (We manufacture copper bars and wires. The e is used because hilos begins with the i sound even though the first letter is h.)   Est enteramente construido de nieve y hielo. (It is built completely of snow and ice. The y does not change because hielo begins with the ie diphthong.) Hay un equilibrio osmà ³tico y ià ³nico. (There is an osmotic and ionic equilibrium. The y is used because ià ³nico begins with the io diphthong.) Hay muchas diferencias entre catolicismo e hinduismo. (There are many differences between Catholicism and Hinduism. The y changes to e because hinduismo begins with the i sound even though its first letter is h.) Vendemos productos de limpieza e higiene. (We sell cleaning and hygiene products. Higiene begins with the i sound.) Usamos punto y coma para separar las frases u oraciones que constituyen una enumeracià ³n. (We use a semicolon to separate phrases or sentences that make up a list.) No recuerdo si fue ayer u hoy. (I dont remember if it was yesterday or today. Unlike with the changes involving y to e, the o changes even though oy is a diphthong.)  ¿Quà © operador de telà ©fonos ofrece las tarifas ms baratas para viajar a frica u Oriente Medio? (Which phone operator offers the lowest costs for traveling to Africa or the Middle East? The rule of changing o to u applies even if the word following is a proper noun.) La Can Make Similar Change The desire to keep the sounds of important words from being lost due to elision is also behind the changing of la to el in some circumstances with feminine sounds. Although there are exceptions, el is used instead of la before singular feminine nouns where the first syllable of the noun is stressed. Thus the eagle is el guila even though guila is feminine. The change doesnt occur with plural nouns or where the stress isnt on the first syllable. In standard written Spanish, una becomes un (meaning one, a, or and) under the same circumstances. Thus, an eagle is un guila. These changes and those involving y and o are the only situations where Spanish changes words depend on sounds that follow. Key Takeaways The Spanish conjugation y (meaning and) changes to e when the word that follows begins with the i sound.The Spanish conjugation o (meaning or) changes to u when the word that follows begins with the o sound.These changes are triggered by pronunciation only, not how a word is spelled.

buy custom Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder essay

buy custom Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder essay Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a nervousness-associated disorder that is characterized by repeated compulsions and/ or obsessions that obstruct the victims ability to effectively function at work, school or socially (Lowe, 2007, p. 1). An obsession can be defined as an impulse, a thought or an image that keeps repeating and as a result causes anxiety while a compulsion is a behavior that a person suffering from OCD frequently engages him/ herself in because of the obsessions (Foa Kozak, 2005, p. 15). OCD victims usually take long before they are diagnosed. This is due to the fact that most of them do not understand the symptoms of the condition while others feel embarrassed and guilty. In one way or the other, OCD related symptoms are experienced by most individuals particularly when stressed. Nonetheless, this disorder can have severe effects on social life, work and personal relationships among others. OCD is rated the tenth most immobilizing illness in terms of retreating life quality and loss of property. OCD can be experienced in many ways but the most common ones include disturbing, unfriendly and recurring feelings, impulses, misgivings, and images which in most cases are impossible to ignore (Abramowitz, 2009). It is these thoughts that cause the individual to experience the obsessive-part of the illness and cause the individual to have recurring coercions in an unsuccessful effort to alleviate the obsession and counteract the fear. Some victims may experience obsession but do not show physical compulsion a type of OCD commonly referred to as Pure O. Commonly experienced obsessions include; causing mischief to other people or to oneself, germs and contagion, aggressive or offensive sexual thoughts, ordering objects or throwing them away. Several researches and studies have been carried out in the past few years concerning the causes of ODC. Following this, several causes of OCD have been suggested and some of these include; brain and chemical dysfunction, infection, genetics, psychodynamics, depression and life. It has also been hypothesized that there might be numerous types of OCD and that which develops in childhood is different of the one that develops in adulthood. Brain and chemical dysfunction is one of the causes of OCD that is gaining popularity. The probability is that the level of brain dysfunction in OCD victims is higher than in people who do not have it. This involves the Seretonin, which is a chemical courier or neurotransmitter that facilitates communication between nerve cells as well as connecting these cells to the brain (Penzel, 2000, p. 318). Research has revealed that this neurotransmitter is involved with most of the biological processes taking place in the body such as sleep, antagonism, mood, pain and appetite. Since the different parts of the brain have unlike levels of urgency and priority, it is their coordination with the nerves that may cause severe perplexity to the reasoning part of the brain, commonly referred to as Cortex. For instance, as the Thalamus processes all the images coming from the other parts of the body to the brain, the Caudate Nucleus controls and filters all the thoughts and information. Now when these thoughts are misinterpreted, the reasoning part of the brain, Cortex, becomes confused and responds chemically to a danger perceived by the non-reasoning part of the brain and the urgent need to respond as if this danger is a reality. Actually, the Caudate Nucleus is sending unnecessary impulses and thoughts to the Cortex where emotions and thoughts combine; the over active Cingulate Nucleus at the center of the brain shifts attention from one behavior and/ or thought to another. With time, it becomes over active and seizes up on certain thoughts, behaviors or ideas (Penzel, 2000). It is therefoe this Cingulate that alerts the OCD victim that something horrible will take place if the impulses are not accomplished. Thus when the Thalamus is sending information that makes the individual aware of everything happening around them, the Caudate Nucleus causes invasive thoughts while the Cortex perceives major danger that needs immediate response and finally the Cingulate Gyr us requires that compulsions be carried out so as to alleviate the terrible unease feelings. A streptococcal illness of the throat has been believed to result in the body mistaking healthy cells for the infection thus resulting to cellular damage. Once this happens with the brain, the disease fighting system of the body attacks the exterior of the nerve cells in the Basal Ganglia of the brain consequently resulting to symptoms of OCD (Lowe, 2007). However, these symptoms may just take a short time and the occurrence of OCD caused by such an infection is still very rare. Several researches and studies have shown the likelihood that victims of OCD are likely to have one or more of their family members having OCD (Meng, 2001, p. 14). However, the chances that it is genetically inherited are questionable. For instance, it does not automatic follow that both identical twins will have OCD even if there is a member of the family suffering from it. This theory states that disruptions in development or early sexual and unconscious desires are likely to result into OCD. Concerning development, the theory suggests that the child deals with the conflicts between the reasoning and thinking part of the brain and that part which wants to work in its own way in an unstable way thus resulting to mental problems in future. As for the unconscious desires, the theory suggests that for instance, a person may fear to run over people because he actually wants to do it; thus to keep the consciousness out of mind, he uses a lot of energy which consequently gives the thought an obsessive quality (Meng, 2001, p. 14). Individual with severe depression tend to develop OCD symptoms just in the same way those with OCD suffer depression. Shame and guilt in life is also considered as a cause of OCD especially in children (Lowe, 2007). They tend to experience guilt over their needs at an early age a condition that is prevalent to fanatical people. According to Abramowitz (2009), the symptoms of OCD range from mild to brutal; they include compulsions, the need to act in order to cancel out an obsession, and obsessions, the feelings and thoughts which make the patient anxious or distressed. Even though most victims experienced both compulsions and obsessions, it is possible for a patient to exhibit only one. Compulsions are characterized by recurring behaviors such as checking to ensure that everything is well, washing and cleaning surfaces, hands etc, hoarding and collecting objects that are unnecessary and arranging things among others. Mental compulsion involves repeating of prayers or certain scriptures and/or phrases in the mind. Obsessions on the other hand are characterized by thoughts and feelings that the objects around are contaminated or dirty, worry about hygiene and health, urge to keep unnecessary things, disrupting thoughts about sex and/ or aggression, worry about safety; for instance worrying about a door that h as been left unlocked and general thoughts (Abramowitz, 2009, p. 9). Avoidance of dreaded situations is also familiar though it often leads to further preoccupation with the obsessive thoughts. OCD is diagnosed by administering screening inquiries to an individual who is suspected to be suffering from it, assessment of the family OCD history, and the existing symptoms. Apart from checking for symptoms of compulsion and obsession through mental-status examinaation, practitioners also investigate the possibility that the symptoms may be a result of another emotional infirmity and not OCD (Foa Kozak, 2005, p. 14). Most of the individuals suffering from OCD have experienced the symptoms indefinitely with periods of improvement alternating with those of difficulties. Nevertheless, the prognosis is preferential for victims with milder symptoms and those who had no other illnesses before developing OCD. According to Lowe (2007), OCD treatments include; medication and behavioral therapies. The most common medications that are prescribed to OCD patients are the Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs). Lowe asserts that the purpose of these medications is to increase the levels of neurochemical serotonin in the brain since they are usually low in OCD victims. As suggested by the name of the medications, SSRIs work by carefully and selectively holding back serotonin reuptake in the brain. This holding back specifically occurs at the junction where the nerve cells are interconnected, a place known as the synapse, so as to ensure that message transfer from one nerve cell to another is limited. SSRIs also keep the serotonin in the synapses. This is possible because they prevent serotonin reuptake back to the nerve cell that specializes in conveying the impulses. Serotonin reuptake is believed to be responsible for lessening the generation of new serotonin. As a result messages from serotonin keep on coming through. Consequently, this helps in activating the cells whi ch were initially deactivated by the OCD, thus relieving the patient of the symptoms of the disorder. Examples of SSRIs include sertraline, paroxetine, citalopram, fluoxetine, escitalopram and fluvoxamine (Lowe, 2007, p. 58). SSRIs can in general be tolerated since their side effects are generally gentle. Common side effects include agitation, nausea, headache, diarrhea, and insomnia however; these effects diminish in the first month of use. Other medications that can be used in place of the SSRIs are the clomipramine and atypical though their side effects have been reported to be severe than those of the SSRIs (Lowe, 2007, p. 58). Behavioral therapies that are commonly administered to OCD victims include; ritual avoidance and exposure. The avoidance of rituals engages a mental-health expert in helping the patient to oppose the push to engage in obsessive behaviors. Exposure therapy, on the other hand, is a process through which the OCD victim is exposed to situations that are likely to increase his urge to be involved in obsessive behaviors, thereby helping him him/her to resist the urge (Foa Kozak, 2005, p. 21). In other words, the behavioral experts help the OCD patients to transform their negative way of thinking that is linked with the anxiety involved with the OCD. In conclusion, OCD can be described as a type of disorder that results from recurring obsessions and compulsions whose effects are severe to an extent that they interfere with the victims way of relating to the surrounding and the people around him. Several factors have been brought forward to explain the causes of the disorder. Some of these include; brain and chemical dysfunction, infection, genetics, psychodynamics, depression and life, though the universally accepted cause is brain and chemical dysfunction. A person is said to have OCD if he show signs such as hoarding, repeated cleaning, concerns of security, hygiene etc. such signs are diagnosed by examining the patients family history as well as asking questions that screen his mental health. There are two ways through with OCD can be treated. One is by administering medications, SSRIs are the most recommended, and the second is behavioral therapy where the patients are helped to overcome their urge to get involved in compulsi ve thoughts. Buy custom Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder essay